Susya, West Financial institution – Wadi Raheem is a dry riverbed close to the Palestinian village of Susya within the South Hebron hills within the occupied West Financial institution. The world has a stark magnificence that’s characterised by rolling hills, rocky outcrops and beautiful vistas. Regardless of the widely poor soil, Palestinians have managed to eke out an existence right here – reportedly since at the very least the 1830s – by practising subsistence farming and animal herding.

It’s 4 o’clock within the afternoon and brutally sizzling. Khalil al-Harini, who owns a part of the wadi, has requested me and two different activists to accompany him as he grazes his sheep. Israeli settlers have been harassing him for many years, however the frequency and severity of the assaults have elevated considerably within the months since October 7, and he’s frightened.

Al-Harini is 81 years previous, and his face, framed by a plain white keffiyeh, is lined from publicity to the solar. However he walks energetically amongst his sheep, waving his stick at them once they stray too far. He tells me his grandfather’s father was born on this land, and I can image the identical idyllic scene going down a century earlier – an previous man tending to his herd silently, with solely the sheep’s rhythmic munching of the dry grass interrupting the quiet.

This stillness belies a deep concern for his household. His 15-year-old grandson, additionally named Khalil, had been threatened the day past within the wadi.

First, two youngsters had come roaring down into the valley on all-terrain automobiles, music blaring and Israeli flags flapping within the wind. After they noticed Khalil tending sheep, they turned up the music even louder, jumped off their automobiles and commenced to bop, thrusting their hips. The message was clear: “We are able to do no matter we would like, and there’s nothing you are able to do to cease us.”

Shortly afterwards, a settler armed with an M16 rifle confirmed up. He mentioned that the wadi was a safety zone and he promised that there can be “an enormous drawback” if Khalil was there the following day.

As we discovered, he meant it.

Underneath a veneer of legality

Like a lot of the West Financial institution, al-Harini’s dwelling village of Susya has suffered its share of injustice meted out by Israel. Since seizing the West Financial institution in 1967, Israel has avoided formally annexing it – aside from occupied East Jerusalem – and has as a substitute centered on increasing its presence.

Israel has constructed unlawful settlements, successfully incorporating these areas into its territory, whereas concurrently maintaining the variety of Palestinians in Israel’s enlargement as little as doable. A lot of the trouble to expel the Palestinians from their land has occurred in Space C (61 % of the West Financial institution), resembling within the Jordan Valley or the South Hebron hills, that are sparsely populated.

The authorities have seized roughly half of the West Financial institution for navy and state functions and in addition expropriated land for public wants.

And so it has been with Susya. Within the early Nineteen Eighties, stays of an historical synagogue have been found close by – this was used as justification to expel all of the villagers, together with al-Harini and his household.

“I lived in previous Susya in a cave contained in the village,” he tells me. “However then the Israeli occupation pressured us to go away in 1986.”

Extra expulsions of the residents of Susya adopted in 1991 and 2001. On every event, they have been pressured to maneuver farther and farther from the unique village, nevertheless they made certain to stay on their ancestral agricultural land.

“We all the time need to keep on our land,” Nasser Nawajah, a resident of Susya who works for the Israeli NGO B’Tselem, advised me. “We’re afraid that if we depart, we’ll by no means be allowed to come back again.”

Susya is now a hamlet of some dilapidated shacks. The residents are afraid to construct extra everlasting buildings as a result of they know there’s a actual risk that they are going to be demolished by the authorities. Your complete village has been torn down on seven separate events.

Focusing on Palestinians and their property

There are presently greater than 700,000 settlers residing in 150 unlawful settlements and 128 outposts (settlements unauthorised by the Israeli authorities) within the West Financial institution, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights.

Many settlers select to stay within the settlements for the financial benefits granted by the federal government, however roughly one-third are thought-about ideological settlers, who imagine they’re doing God’s work by settling the land.

Over time, settlers have focused Palestinians and their properties by means of numerous means: throwing stones, setting fires to houses and companies, reducing down olive bushes, damaging water infrastructure and stealing or killing livestock.

Settler violence has additionally concerned beatings and, in excessive instances, the capturing and killing of Palestinian civilians. As well as, settlers have typically seized (PDF) personal Palestinian land, with subsequent to no help from the authorities to implement the legislation and return the land to its rightful proprietor.

“My household was subjected to many assaults by settlers, they usually have been typically very violent with us,” al-Harini says. “I bear in mind there was an assault on me personally after I was grazing my sheep on my personal land. Two masked settlers got here and began hitting my sheep with stones. I attempted to cease them, however they pushed me, and I fell on my neck, which led to a fracture within the third vertebra.”

A kidnapping on the wadi

Again on the wadi, al-Harini’s fears have been realised.

A white van stops on the dust street within the valley, 100 metres (328 toes) away. Three uniformed males emerge, M16s in hand. They run in direction of us, screaming, with weapons pointed in our course. “On the bottom! On the bottom!”

Khalil, having seen the settlers approaching, enters the wadi to hitch us. The uniformed males rapidly pin him to the bottom, a gun at his again.

The settlers proceed to threaten us, telling us they’ll shoot if we make one incorrect transfer. They name us Nazis, Hamas, ISIL (ISIS), anti-Semites. The hatred of their eyes frightens me.

I take into consideration my good friend Peter, who was overwhelmed unconscious with a metallic pipe by a bunch of settlers in Hebron a number of years earlier. I can not think about what it’s like for Khalil, who is aware of the settlers will act with full impunity. Palestinians’ complaints to the authorities about these assaults are sometimes ignored. In accordance with Israeli human rights group Yesh Din, 92 % of investigations into settler assaults on Palestinians are closed with out indictment.

I ask the settlers why they’re threatening al-Harini, an previous man merely grazing his sheep on his land.

The response: “He could also be harmless, however I’m certain that his household needs to kill all Jews. Everyone hates the Jews. However that’s OK. God is with us.”

Finally the settlers tire of the confrontation. They steal our passports, telephones and cameras, and say we will likely be arrested if we ever return. Khalil is zip-tied and shoved roughly into the again of the van. They drive off. I shudder to suppose what’s going to occur to him.

After the assault, I stroll slowly up the hill to al-Harini’s home, the place he’s now along with his spouse, Hakimeh.

“My child. My child,” she cries softly. “When is he going to come back dwelling?”

An ‘insufferable’ scenario

Everybody I spoke with in Susya famous a pointy rise in settler violence after October 7.

“The assaults elevated on the village on the whole and have been extra violent than earlier than. They attacked us at evening and in the course of the day,” says al-Harini.

“Settlers sporting military uniforms would come in the course of the evening and search and vandalise the homes. They reduce the water pipes linked from the water properly to the within of the home. They prevented us from ploughing our land and even grazing on it.”

Knowledge collected by the NGO Armed Battle and Location Occasion Knowledge verify the villagers’ experiences. The variety of violent incidents within the West Financial institution involving settlers doubled within the fourth quarter of 2023 in contrast with the third quarter, and the variety of assaults with firearms elevated sevenfold.

“The scenario … is insufferable. The violence has reached ranges we’ve by no means witnessed earlier than,” Yasmeen el-Hasan, coordinator of the Union of Agricultural Work Committees, a Ramallah-based grassroots organisation serving to Palestinian farmers, advised The New Arab in Might.

She was talking in mid-April after 1,500 settlers attacked the Palestinian village of al-Mughayyir, northeast of Ramallah, concentrating on automobiles, homes and livestock. Throughout the three-hour raid, which was reportedly in response to the killing of a settler, one resident was killed and at the very least 25 others have been injured.

The heightened violence isn’t random. With the world centered on the persevering with genocide in Gaza, far-right factions of the Israeli authorities have used the chance to additional their purpose of annexing the West Financial institution.

Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich, who oversees settlement planning and has promised to flood the West Financial institution with 1,000,000 new settlers, revealed as a lot to his colleagues within the Non secular Zionism get together, when he mentioned that he was “set up[ing] details on the bottom so as to make Judea and Samaria an integral a part of the state of Israel”.

A lot of the violence can be promoted by Minister of Nationwide Safety Itamar Ben-Gvir, whose previous consists of threatening to kill former Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, being indicted at the very least 50 instances for incitement to violence or hate speech and referring to Baruch Goldstein as a hero. Goldstein massacred 29 Muslim worshippers in a Hebron mosque in 1994.

Ben-Gvir purchased at the very least 10,000 assault rifles for safety groups in October and proudly introduced in March that 100,000 new gun licences have been distributed to Israeli civilians since October 7.

“The hordes of settlers that swept throughout Palestinian villages have been emboldened by Ben-Gvir and Smotrich’s ideological and materials assist of settler militias all through the West Financial institution, much more so after 7 October,” mentioned el-Hasan.

The results of the elevated violence have been devastating. Israeli troopers and settlers have killed greater than 600 Palestinians within the West Financial institution and seized 37,000 acres (15,000 hectares) of land since October 7. To this point, 18 Palestinian communities have been emptied.

‘I believed they could kill him’

Khalil returned to the wadi the day after he was taken away by the authorities.

He says that the settlers had blindfolded him earlier than taking him to a close-by military base for questioning. “They requested me in regards to the land, and I advised them it belonged to my household,” Khalil recounts. “One of many troopers mentioned, ‘Take a look at my face and know properly. If you happen to return once more to that land, you will notice one thing that you don’t like.’”

Khalil was then dumped on the aspect of the street exterior as-Samu, a city about 25km (15 miles) from Wadi Raheem. He walked to a home with a lightweight on and referred to as his household to choose him up.

With Khalil again dwelling al-Harini talks in regards to the concern he felt for his grandson. “I can not specific what was inside me that evening,” al-Harini says. “After I noticed them taking Khalil to the automotive, which was a civilian automotive belonging to the settlers, I grew to become actually afraid, and I believed they could kill him.

“Sure, I had that feeling. As a result of these settlers are very violent.”

“I felt afraid for him,” says Khalil’s grandmother, Hakimeh. “I began crying. My coronary heart broke for him. He’s nonetheless a toddler, not more than 15 years previous. I anticipated that I might by no means see him once more, particularly in mild of the circumstances we live in.”

What would she say to one of many settlers if he have been standing in entrance of her, I ask.

Hakimeh solutions, “That is my land. I can’t depart it, it doesn’t matter what I’ve a proper and I’m the proprietor of this land. I can’t hand over a speck of dust from my land. I’ll die and be buried on it. This land is our land. No one will pressure us to go away our land and our dwelling.”

With further reporting by Hamdan Ballal