Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa S, B.A.M.S
Grasp Charaka has given 5 greatest ideas for prevention and efficient administration of psychological issues. They’re additionally the most effective cures to heal the thoughts and to carry the doshas of thoughts i.e. rajas and tamas to a state of stability. They’re – Jnana, Vijnana, Dhairya, Smriti and Samadhi.
Context and reference
वायुः पित्तं कफश्चोक्तः शारीरो दोषसङ्ग्रहः|
मानसः पुनरुद्दिष्टो रजश्च तम एव च||५७||
There are three sorts of sharira doshas i.e. bodily doshas – they’re, vata, pitta and kapha. The manasika doshas i.e. psychological doshas are two in quantity – they’re, raja and tama. (Charaka Sutra Sthana, Chapter 1, Verse 57)
Within the very subsequent verse, Grasp Charaka gives cures / remedy for each units of doshas and therefore the ailments attributable to them.
प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः|
मानसो ज्ञानविज्ञानधैर्यस्मृतिसमाधिभिः||५८||
The disturbances and imbalances occurring within the bodily doshas are pacified by daiva vyapashraya i.e. divine therapies and yukti vyapashraya chikitsa i.e. rational therapies. Then again, the psychological doshas are handled with the assistance of –
– Jnana – data of self
– Vijnana – scientific data
– Dhairya – temperance or restraint, braveness
– Smriti – reminiscence and
– Samadhi – focus and focus / focus (Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana, Chapter 1, verse 58)
Right here, it’s attention-grabbing to see that Grasp Charaka has not talked about Sattvavajaya Chikitsa – psychotherapy, the third principal kind of remedy which Ayurveda has accepted. Later, in Sutra Sthana Chapter 11, verse 54, whereas mentioning three sorts of remedy modalities i.e. daivavyapashraya, yuktivyapashraya and sattvavajaya chikitsa.
त्रिविधमौषधमिति- दैवव्यपाश्रयं, युक्तिव्यपाश्रयं, सत्त्वावजयश्च| तत्र दैवव्यपाश्रयं- मन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासस्वस्त्ययनप्रणिपातगमनादि,युक्तिव्यपाश्रयं- पुनराहारौषधद्रव्याणां योजना, सत्त्वावजयः- पुनरहितेभ्योऽर्थेभ्यो मनोनिग्रहः||५४||
On this context Charaka offers examples of Daivavyapashraya and Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa and ends the verse by defining Sattvavajaya Chikitsa as ‘a remedy or strategy through which the thoughts is withdrawn from dangerous and unwholesome objects’.
Taking all these contexts in dialogue, we are able to mathematically conclude that the Jnana, Vijnana and so on talked about earlier in chapter 1 are the measures included below Sattvavajaya. He has given examples or measures firstly in chapter 1 and outlined Sattvavajaya in chapter 11. He has additionally talked about the phrase Sattvavajaya within the reference given from chapter 11, which he had missed out in chapter 1.
So, the 5 measures – Jnana, Vijnana, Dhairya, Smriti and Samadi can collectively be thought of as elements of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, completely different measures which can be utilized to deal with the thoughts and produce it right into a state of stability.
So, Jnana and so on might be thought of as particular person therapies contributing in direction of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa and collectively contributing in direction of complete thoughts therapeutic and remedy of psychological issues.
So, we’ll talk about these 5 elements / remedy measures of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa briefly.
5 elements of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa
1. Jnana – Non secular Data / Non secular Understanding – Perception oriented remedy strategy
Jnana is outlined as ‘Adyatma Jnanam’ which suggests non secular data or realizing about self. Whereas bringing Jnana as a remedy into play in psychological issues, the individual is skilled to introspect and look inwards. It’s positively a sport changer in how an individual begins taking a look at himself and the world round himself. It is extremely essential to introduce the individual to himself or herself and the life ingredient or atman in them and the relation of atman with the larger life power i.e. paramatma. Jnana, similar to its different counterparts, is therapeutic in addition to preventive remedy. Jnana additionally means consciousness, conscience, data, knowledge, thought course of or intelligence.
Jnana, as a remedy, goals at bettering these entities associated to thoughts.
On this remedy, the doctor guides the affected person or wholesome individual searching for psychotherapy to develop and enhance the perception about themselves. This may be achieved by self-monitoring and evaluating frequently which is able to in flip assist them to adapt to traumatic conditions.
The data which helps an individual to know and understand that Brahma or absolute atma is the one reality and nothing else is called Adyatma Jnana, which is an important a part of Jnana remedy. The software for attaining this Adyatma Jnana in line with Grasp Charaka is ‘Satya Buddhi’ i.e. true data. This true data will assist in eliminating one’s egoism which in flip destroys upadha i.e. untoward wishes – which is the foundation reason for all types of miseries. By doing so, the individual will eliminate all psychological ailments and also will obtain rajas-tamas stability.
Associated Studying – ‘Jnana – non secular data, position in Sattvavajaya Chikitsa’
2. Vijnana – Scriptural / Particular Data – Educative strategy
Vijnana is outlined as ‘Shastra Jnanam’ which suggests scriptural or textual data. Vijnana can be scientific data. In Ayurveda, the scriptures and texts are thought of as essential testimonials. They characterize ‘true and unadulterated data’.
Vijnana is a information in direction of attaining this true data. From a thoughts ‘s perspective, it helps in understanding the nuances and subtleties of the thoughts, the imbalances occurring therein, the stress elements – their causes and triggers. It additionally trains one and improves functionality to manage up with stress, detrimental feelings and thoughts imbalances.
One will get to study the paths of indulgence, attachment or engagement or renunciation with respect to worldly pleasures and likewise to discriminate between good and unhealthy and likewise imbibe them into their life from Vijnana. The identical data will practice the individuals in regards to the appropriate methods of responding and behaving to numerous stimuli.
Vijnana helps in balancing rajas and tamas doshas of the thoughts. It can additionally improve the sattva high quality and likewise assist in eliminating psychological issues. Vijnana is a remedy falling within the class of sattvavajaya and seeing its advantages it may be correlated with Cognitive Behavioural Remedy.
Completely different meanings of Vijnana are – comprehension, notion, judgment, profane understanding, discernment or consciousness. And Vijnana goals at enhancing these virtues.
Associated Studying – ‘Vijnana – Scriptural, Scientific or Worldly Data – Educative strategy and its position in Sattvavajaya Chikitsa’
3. Dhairya – braveness, endurance, controlling energy, endurance – Supportive strategy
Dhairya is outlined as ‘Dhairyan anunati chestasaha’. It means ‘a state whereby one has capability to take care of a state of psychological stability though she or he is below an immense traumatic state of affairs’.
We will see that individuals with alpa / hina sattva i.e. weak minds lack braveness and are timid by nature. They have a tendency to blow easy issues out of proportions. They can not tolerate any sorts of bodily or psychological ailments or hardships of life. They want fixed encouragement, by medical doctors, household or associates as a result of their braveness and tolerance energy is simply too low.
The affected person is reassured and counselled commonly as part of dhairya remedy. The doctor ought to put all doable efforts to interchange the detrimental ideas of the affected person with constructive ones. He additionally ought to attempt to channelize the thought strategy of the sufferers in a constructive route. Even in trendy medication we are able to see that counselling is an important and obligatory a part of psychotherapy. This may be equated with the dhairya element or strategy of sattvavajaya chikitsa.
The primary purpose of dhairya remedy shall be to settle down the hyper-excitation and disturbances of the thoughts and likewise to carry power, stability and firmness to the thoughts.
The endurance and braveness of the affected person might be elevated with the assistance of counselling and meditation that are included in dhairya remedy. With the assistance of this braveness, the individual would collect braveness to tolerate ache, grief and different hardships and challenges that she or he would encounter of their lives.
The sound remedy which is part of thoughts therapeutic classes these days, may also help in creating constructive vibrations to settle down the thoughts. It will create a pathway in direction of regeneration of braveness and hope within the affected person. From the doctor or therapist’s perspective, dhairya remedy gives most encouragement, empathy and a focus to the affected person. This remedy creates a belief worth and likewise a matured degree of consciousness and judgment. It additionally improves a big quantity of endurance and consciousness of self-worth.
Associated Studying – ‘Dhairya / Aashvasana Chikitsa – reassurance and braveness remedy, Function in Sattvavajaya Chikitsa’
4. Smriti – reminiscence, recall – Cognitive Method
Smriti is outlined as – ‘Smritih Anubhuthartha Smaranam’ which suggests remembering or recalling the item of previous expertise. Right here, the doctor adopts completely different measures to appropriate the reminiscence strategy of the affected person and likewise to reinforce and restore the reminiscence.
Recollections are information in our unconscious layers. They floor when wanted. Some could also be good, many could also be unhealthy and unwholesome. The doctor must also assist the affected person to eliminate unhealthy and undesirable reminiscences and change them with new and good reminiscences. They need to even be guided how to not create and save reminiscences of unhealthy experiences, to disregard, forgive, neglect and transfer on.
Herein, as part of remedy, in smriti, the affected person is helped to withdraw and extract the unhealthy reminiscences and hidden conflicts from deep inside, which can be mighty dangerous in the long term and expel them completely. By continually doing this with will or being guided, the individual will study to manage up together with his or her issues and can attempt to stay away from the unhealthy and detrimental feelings, stimuli or triggers and develop a way of positivity inside.
Provided that the individual remembers the actual nature of issues, he can eliminate his reminiscences. There are eight causes for enchancment of Smriti in a constructive route. This may be readily practiced as a therapeutic measure if the individual has low reminiscence and if she or he requires reminiscence to eliminate their ailments. Smriti can be wanted to observe the directions given by the doctor in direction of commonly taking medicines, life-style modifications, behavioural modifications, what to do and what to not, which is the bottom for complete restoration from any ailment. To alter right here
5. Samadhi – focus, restraining the thoughts, meditation – Psycho-philosophical strategy
Samadhi is outlined as ‘Vishayebhyo Nivruthya Atmani Manaso Niyamanam’ which suggests ‘restraining the thoughts and detaching it from its affiliation with worldly objects and diverting it in direction of the atma in order to have it below non secular management and likewise meditating on the non secular dimension of 1’s character’.
The primary intention and objective of samadhi is to get indifferent from varied temptations of trivial nature, unwholesome points of interest, attachment with undesired issues and varied sorts of stressors, to make the individual to appreciate the significance of self and self-worth and diverting the thoughts inwards in direction of the inside self and making an affiliation with the inside self.
Samadhi is taken into account as the last word stage in Yogic practices. It’s a state of attaining and being in a state of unwavering focus.
As a remedy, Samadhi might be included in treating the ailments. The objective shall be to reduce the psychological fluctuations and scale back the wavering of thoughts. It will finally result in enhancement of focus and institution of a tranquilized thoughts. The stage of Samadhi might be achieved by diverting the senses i.e. indriyas in direction of and into the thoughts i.e. manas in order to attain a stage of nonetheless and balanced thoughts. This finally results in full destruction or cessation of all types of vikaras – ailments and dukhas – grief.
To sum up
The 5 remedy measures detailed above are extremely efficient in remedy of psychological issues and type integral elements of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa – the Ayurveda model of Psychotherapy. They not solely heal the thoughts however will even instill braveness, endurance, calmness, confidence and stability within the thoughts and can hold the rajas and tamas components in a state of stability. They will even improve the sattva attribute of the thoughts.
Due to this fact, sattvavajaya chikitsa with these 5 remedy measures included below its umbrella is very helpful in prevention and remedy of psychological issues and balancing the psychological attributes. It additionally strengthens the thoughts and modifications the angle of pondering, making choices and coping with not solely psychological but additionally psychosomatic issues. It’s of the very best ordeal and strategy in coping with weak minded folks.
Amongst these 5 entities the successive ones are mentioned to be extremely helpful than the earlier in that order. So, Vijnana is healthier than Jnana, Dhairya is healthier than Vijgnana, Smriti is healthier than Dhairya and Samadhi is healthier than Smriti. With this, we are able to perceive that Samadhi is the last word software in dealing with psychological issues by means of Sattvavaja Chikitsa and it encompasses the qualities of all the opposite Jnana and so on strategies. Then again, Jnana is taken into account as having lesser advantages and privileges compared to the opposite 4 measures.
So, the best approach of planning Sattvavajaya Chikitsa and implementing it’s making ideally suited and customised combos of two or extra of those approaches or taking all 5 in consideration in order to offer complete and full profit in coping with the thoughts imbalances as and when wanted. As particular person approaches, they type ideally suited therapies however when successfully mixed, the outcomes shall be unparalleled and extra steady.
So, all these 5 steps of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa assist in balancing the psychological signs and normalize the physiological features. That is achieved by the stability of doshas, hormones or neurotransmitters that’s caused by their implementation. These 5 points of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa as specified by Grasp Charaka comprise in all of them the opposite therapies suggested for treating the imbalanced thoughts and the ailments attributable to them. We will additionally inform that the fundamentals and fundamentals of the complete trendy psychiatry might be included into these 5 therapies which represent the Sattvavajaya Chikitsa.
Sattvavajaya Chikitsa and these 5 measures must be thought of and applied in complete remedy of psychological issues primarily, but additionally must be included within the remedy of bodily and psychosomatic issues. It’s because physique and thoughts are the 2 sides of the identical coin. When one is disturbed, it disturbs the opposite one. Equally, when the thoughts is healed, the physique too will get healed and the vice versa can be true. Ayurveda medical follow shouldn’t be full with out contemplating ‘the thoughts stability’ and for this to attain, Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is a very powerful and obligatory software.